Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, classificatórios e terapêuticos da reabsorção cervical externa

Abstract

Introduction/Aim: The aim of this study is to review the clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic characterization of External Cervical Resorption (ECR) in the literature. Methodology: The study was constructed as a descriptive literature review covering subjects related to predisposing factors, etiological hypotheses, clinical and radiographic characteristics, epidemiological manifestations, current classifications and the different types of therapeutic alternatives for ECR based on an electronic literature search in the Pubmed database that included scientific articles in English published between 1981 and 2022 by relevant researchers on the topic. Literature Review: ECR represents a pathological phenomenon of unknown etiology that occurs from damage to the periodontal ligament and cementum, with a rare epidemiological manifestation (0.02% - 2.38%). The main predisposing factors associated with ECR have been orthodontic treatment and dental trauma. Its classification was initially based on the extent of dental involvement and was proposed by the four classes of Heithersay (1999), based on the analysis of periapical radiographs. Subsequently, a three-dimensional categorization based on its histological aspects and with the addition of the description of the bone repair stage of the ECR was presented by Mavridou et al. (2016). And more recently, a classification also based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images was described by Patel et al. (2018). Given the diversity of manifestations of ECR, its therapeutic approaches depend on a careful assessment of the nature and possibility of access to the lesion site, which may involve surgical approaches (trans-surgical restoration, intentional reimplantation and extraction), endodontic approaches (conventional endodontic treatment and conservative therapies) and follow-up.