Influência da tireoidite de Hashimoto na saúde periodontal

Abstract

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease of high prevalence worldwide, characterized by self-reactive inflammation of the thyroid gland tissue, resulting in systemic hormonal disorders. It has been described that this condition has an etiology linked to both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as excessive intake of iodine, alcoholism, smoking, use of certain medications, and selenium and vitamin D deficiency. Individuals affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis tend to to present signs and symptoms in most body systems, resulting mainly from hypothyroidism resulting from thyroid autoantibodies that destroy the gland's thyrocytes and limit the synthesis and secretion of triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormones. In this context of hormonal imbalance, the literature reports potential repercussions and damage to periodontal health, especially with regard to already established periodontitis states, where the expression of cytokines is exacerbated during the course of periodontal infection, in addition to bone turnover mechanisms. be altered due to their relationship with thyroid hormones. In this sense, the present literature review aimed to analyze the influence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the integrity of periodontal health, in order to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this autoimmune disease, in addition to highlighting the role of triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormones in Bone metabolism and its association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis-induced hypothyroidism. For the preparation of this study, research was carried out in the scientific databases PubMed, LILACS and SciELO, although only the first one presented results through the applied search strategy. The results of the literature search showed a positive association between hypothyroidism resulting from Hashimoto's thyroiditis with the aggravation of inflammation and bone loss of periodontal tissues under the condition of periodontitis. However, a greater volume of studies and research is necessary to ensure more solidity to these findings.