Padrão de distribuição dos liquens em unidades de paisagem do Domínio Atlântico Sergipano

Abstract

The diversity of landscapes is the result of different interactions between the abiotic, biotic and cultural factors that occur there. The study of the Geosystem aims to understand these relationships. The Atlantic Forest biome is characterized by enormous biodiversity. A group of organisms whose distribution is influenced by interactions with the factors present in their surroundings are lichens. The present work aimed to carry out a survey of the distribution pattern of crusted lichens that occur in the Atlantic Domain of the state of Sergipe, through the integrated analysis of the landcape. In order to observe the distribution pattern of lichen species, the analysis was carried out on 14 Atlantic Forest fragments, located in the state of Sergipe, for which species occurrence data already existed. For this analysis, a division into five steps was performed: 1) identification of lichen species; 2) elaboration of tables in the Excel program of the lichen species deposited in the ISE herbarium; 3) determination of the limits of stable landscape elements; 4) description of dynamic landscape elements; and 5) production of maps and summary tables. As a result, it was possible to observe the occurrence of 382 species and 32 families, most belonging to the Graphidaceae family. Regarding the geomorphology, it presented greater lichen richness, the slope of the relief from the smooth to wavy type and the windward side exposure of the slope, the climate was the temperature range between 22°C to 25°C and the sub-humid and aridity index. Humid, the proximity to the water bodies in a buffer area of 500 meters, the land use with the presence of forest formation and the wooded restinga and vegetation index NDVI was the classification of unhealthy plants, in relation to precipitation and soil texture, it was observed that there was no significant change in lichen richness. We can conclude that the analysis of geoenvironmental factors in the distribution of lichens in the Atlantic Sergipe domain can be of great importance for the understanding of how the lichen biota is distributed in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Sergipe.