Desafios acerca da triagem auditiva neonatal no mundo : uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Newborn Hearing Screening (NHS) constitutes an initial process of evaluation of children's hearing that allows early detection of possible hearing alterations, covering all neonates, including those who do not have risk indicators for deafness. Objective: To verify what are the current challenges of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology regarding the follow-up of neonatal hearing screening, in a comparative way, in the world. Material and Method: Based on the design of the guiding clinical question, the keywords (“hearing screening”; “evasion”; “obstacles”; “early detection of deaf”; “newborn”; “hearing sciences”; “infant” and “follow-up”), translated into three languages (Portuguese, English and Spanish), were selected to carry out the search in different virtual databases. To facilitate the search strategy, boolean operators were used in combination with the descriptors. Results: From a total of 3,725 articles, nineteen articles were qualitatively analyzed, stating that the challenges associated with neonatal hearing screening in the world are: the socioeconomic and sociodemographic situation of the families, the availability of professionals in the health services, technical difficulties and limitation of the number of of devices, insufficient information about the program. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the aforementioned challenges, in relation to the implementation and monitoring of the NHS in the world, affect the applicability of the program. In addition, the parents' limited knowledge about hearing screening and inadequate access to services generate low adherence. And finally, there is a need for greater public intervention to ensure the ideal conditions for the program to function, seeking its effectiveness.