Lesões de tecidos duros no trauma facial em pacientes vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos: um estudo de série de casos

Abstract

Around the world, annually, there are about 1.35 million deaths and between 20 and 50 million people injured, generating expenses corresponding to 3% of the Gross Domestic Product of many countries. This scenario becomes more worrying when we refer to motorcyclists, who are more exposed and vulnerable and, if an incident occurs, the injuries caused can be very serious or even fatal. Factors involved in increasing the severity of the condition, for example, drinking alcohol and the use and type of helmet can be linked as predictive variables to increase the severity of injuries from the accident. This research is prospective, cross-sectional and observational and aims to evaluate facial fractures in patients admitted to the Hospital of Urgencies of Sergipe (HUSE), a center of excellence in health in the state of Sergipe in Traumatology. The study evaluated a sample of 50 patients, composed of 88% males and 12% females, over 18 years old, motorcycle drivers or passengers, who were evaluated by the on- duty specialists in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology. All information inherent to both the circumstances of the accident and the facial fractures was recorded on the data collection form, with a detailed description of the type of injury and affected area. The data were initially tabulated using Microsoft Excel® software version 2015 and then analyzed using the BioEstat® program (version 5.3). It was observed that, within the limits of the study, the predominance of males (88%), median of 28 years and most with incomplete primary education (36%). In addition, only 12% of those surveyed had a motorcycle license (type A), 46% had consumed alcohol and 62% were not wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. Among the 38% who wore a helmet, 63.2% were using the open type and 36.8% the closed type. With regard to facial fractures, mandibular (52%) and zygomatic-maxillary complex (42%) injuries were highlighted. The sociodemographic profile of the sample is composed of a majority of men, median age of 28 years, with low education, non-qualified, not wearing a helmet and drinking alcohol. The most prevalent hard tissue injuries were related to the mandible and the zygomatic-maxillary complex.