Análise crítica do discurso e gordofobia médica: representação de mulheres no Twitter e no Instagram

Abstract

With the Industrial Revolutions and changes in the role of women in society, control over the female body was seen as a unique opportunity for segregation and comparison. In this context, women who do not fit into socially idealized standards, such as fat women, suffer, in addition to invisibility and inaccessibility, violence in their daily lives and in the most varied contexts, such as, for example, in doctors' offices. That said, situated in Linguistic Studies, this dissertation presents a transdisciplinary perspective (Critical Discourse Analysis, Sociology for Social Change, Fat Studies and Systemic-Functional Linguistics). The research methodology adopted is qualitative-interpretivist (PARDO, 2015). The general objective of the research is to understand how violence occurs in women who are victims of Medical Fatphobia, operated by the power-hegemony and the power-authority, established in reports from the social network Twitter and signaled by the hashtag “#gordophobiamedica”. The critical analysis of these speeches was motivated by the concern arising from the glimpse of such comments on the most diverse social networks, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Tiktok, however, for the level of analysis our corpus consists of twenty transcribed reports, coming from the hashtag #gordofobiamedica , on Twitter and Instagram, and subdivided into the following analysis categories: Sanction for Annulment, Sanction for Standardization and Sanction for Conviction. The work was initially endorsed by the theoretical lines of Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2006) and brings a prominent approach for this purpose: the ASCD - Sociological and Communicational Approach to Discourse – (PEDROSA, 2012, 2013). We will use the concept of Hegemony (BAJOIT, 2008) to highlight how this is represented in line with the violence caused by the principle of stigma (GOFFMAN, 1985) and, thus, reflect on the importance of the fight against fat phobia and the depathologization of the fat body. With this focus, based on the sociology of the body (BRETON, 2007), we will understand how identity stigma is constructed and characterizes hegemonic traits of power, used, frequently and produces modes of fat-sick subjectivation. Fat Studies (JIMENEZ, 2020) provided the necessary support for the conceptualization and problematization of fatphobia, a term made invisible and, on numerous occasions, used as a synonym for the romanticization of obesity. The aim is to highlight how medical discourse is configured as an expert system (GIDDENS, 1991), thus operating symbolic plug-in and un-embedded tokens that materialize symbolic violence as a universal truth. This work also seeks to contribute to the current scenario of national research on Critical Discourse Studies and Fat Activism.