Epidemiologia e resistência aos antimicrobianos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa em um Hospital Universitário

Abstract

Introduction: P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that causes mostly opportunistic infections and often serious or even fatal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. It is one of the leading bacteria responsible for healthcare-related infections. The World Health Organization considers P. aeruginosa as a pathogen of critical priority for the research and development of new antibiotics due to the development of resistant and multiresistant strains. Objectives: Evaluate the epidemiology and antimicrobial sensitivity/resistance profile of P. aeruginosa from a university hospital. Methods: Retrospective description of the epidemiology and resistance level of all positive cultures from the years 2016 and 2017 for P. aeruginosa from the University Hospital of Sergipe, Brazil according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: P. aeruginosa was more frequent in the ICU (35.8%), healthcare-related infections accounted for 35.8% of P. aeruginosa infections in the period. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, 87.4% were resistant to third generation cephalosporins, 42.1% of cultures resistant to carbapenems and 38.9% to both third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Conclusion: P. aeruginosa is an important pathogen in the hospital environment, especially in ICU and with high resistance to antipseudomonas antimicrobials, such as broad spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. The rational use and development of new effective antimicrobials against P. aeruginosa is essential.