Perfil demográfico e anatomopatológico do câncer de pele em uma instituição terciária de Sergipe

Abstract

Skin cancers are grouped into non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. Non-melanoma skin cancer has a much higher incidence compared to melanoma, however, the latter is more aggressive. This work was carried out in the only state reference in dermatological and cutaneous oncology. This study had as objective to analyze the histopathological characteristics, patient profiles and analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of patients. A total of 435 anatomopathological results of malignant cutaneo-mucosal lesions were obtained after an active search in the reports issued in 2018 and their data were cataloged. Histological type / subtype, presence of non-malignant peritumoral lesions, level of invasion, perineural infiltration and angiolymphatic and commitment margins. Epidemiological information on patients was also recorded. As a result, we obtained equal involvement between the sexes in non-melanoma and melanoma cancer, with a high prevalence in people over 50 years of age and the most affected region was cephalic, predominantly face. The most frequent type is basal cell carcinoma and most were less aggressive subtypes, with prevalence of the most aggressive forms of the above reported in the literature. It was observed the presence of positive and significant spatial correlation (R = 0.4148, p = 0.01). Choropleth maps were drawn, showing clusters ("hotspots") located in high-risk northwestern regions of the state and low risk in southern and eastern. Spatial analysis allowed the construction of maps that show regions of higher concentrations of cases of skin cancer in the state, being an important tool for the definition of priority áreas. It is necessary to delineate other epidemiological studies related to a better elucidation of the risk factors associated with the occurrence of skin cancer.