Frequência de Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) nos pacientes isquêmicos pela ecocardiografia sob estresse físico

Abstract

Background: Cardiac and pulmonary diseases are among the leading cause of worldwide mortality. The coexistence between COPD and CAD reflects a worse prognosis. There is little evidence on the association of these diseases. Objective: To evaluate the presence of COPD in ischemic patients by exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) without suspected pulmonary disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 150 ischemic patients by ESE, from March 2012 to June 2016, with a spirometric evaluation to detect COPD. The volunteers were divided into three groups according to the ischemic pattern: G1 - composed of ischemic patients, G2 - patients with fixed ischemia and G3 - patients with fixed and induced ischemia. Evaluating clinical, echocardiographic and spirometric characteristics, Results: Group G1 consisted of 89 (59.3%), group G2 of 51 (34.0%) and group G3 of 10 (6.7%) pacients. The frequency of COPD in ischemic patients was 49.3% (CI 95% 41.3-57.3), 71.6% were GOLD I. The group G3 presented more patients with COPD and dyspnea. There was no difference in the distribution of groups by GOLD. Groups G1 and G2 presented more men (p=0.002). The former smokers were more frequent in groups G1 and G2, and similar frequency to smokers in group G3 (p=0.005). Patients with a family history had higher frequency in the G1 group (64.0%) and those with a previous history of coronary disease were more frequent in the fixed ischemias. Conclusions: Ischemic patients presented a high frequency of COPD. The presence of COPD was uniformly distributed between the ischemic patterns by the ESE. The group with fixed and induced ischemia presented more severe dyspnea and a higher frequency of patients with COPD, but without statistical significance.