Uso de marcadores moleculares para a avaliação de matrizes e melhoria na produção de mudas de Hancornia speciosa com bioinsumos

Abstract

This study focused on assessing the genetic and phenotypic diversity of Hancornia speciosa, known as mangaba, to support conservation strategies and sustainable use. The genetic structure and population dynamics of this species were analyzed in the Missionário Uilson de Sá Extractive Reserve in Aracaju-SE. Were analyzed 69 H. speciosa matrices, employing characterization and genetic analyses using ISSR markers. The expected heterozygosity was 0.28 and the Shannon index was 0.44, indicating moderate to high genetic diversity. With 100% polymorphism for all evaluated ISSR fragments, 64 genetic polymorphic loci were identified, reflecting significant genetic variability crucial for the species' resilience in the face of environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures in the area and its surroundings. In addition to genetic parameters, the phenology of the plants was also evaluated during the collection of plant material for molecular analyses. The presence and absence of flowers and fruits provided an understanding of the reproductive cycles and population of the species within the reserve. An innovative aspect of the study was the application of bioinputs for seedling production, particularly the use of the fungus Trichoderma sp. This specific treatment proved to be the most effective, significantly improving the development of the seedlings compared to other tested treatments. The use of Trichoderma not only stimulated plant growth but may also have contributed to disease resistance and nutrient absorption efficiency, essential aspects for the success of sustainable ecological restoration in the area. These findings are fundamental for formulating an effective management plan that includes strategies for intensified protection, ecological restoration, and the use of bioinputs in seedling production. The implementation of these practices aims not only at biodiversity conservation but also at integrating the local community into conservation efforts, ensuring the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of the Missionário Uilson de Sá Extractive Reserve.