Perfil de linfócitos T e células NK em pacientes com anemia falciforme

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia (SCA) encompasses complex interactions between the erythrocyte, endothelium, leukocytes and inflammatory mediators. Knowing the participation of T lymphocyte and NK cell lines may contribute to the understanding of its pathophysiology, as well as future therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of T lymphocytes, NK cells and mutifunctional lymphocytes in patients with SCA. METHODS: This was a sectional study in which peripheral blood samples were collected, one of which was homozygous for HbS and one for heterozygous (HbAS), which were compared with a healthy individual sample (HbAA). The determination of lymphocyte subtypes was performed from immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The first tube evaluated the CD4 T lymphocyte and CD8 T lymphocyte profiles, with the respective results: SS 22.0% and 19.7%; AS 39.4% and 22.9%; AA 33.6%, 29.8%. The positivity for IL2, INFγ and TNFα presented, respectively: SS 0.75%, 0.14%, 0.34%; AS 1.66%, zero, 0.32%; AA 2.28%, 0.013%, 0.013%. The second evaluated the presence of regulatory T cells, without a large percentage in any of the samples. The third tube evaluated the presence of NK cells: SS 2.9%, AS 0.60% and AA 0.004%. CONCLUSION: ONCLUSION: The results were discrepant with the literature regarding the population of CD8 T lymphocytes. However, they corroborated with it, suggesting a gradient of NK cell distribution among individuals. They are preliminary and should be confirmed in an appropriate sample. However, they are promising to identify therapeutic targets and prevention strategies, aimed at delaying chronic complications of SCD, and optimal clinical conditions in patients eligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.