O olhar da aristocracia eclesiástica escocesa sobre as guerras de independência : (1296 - 1320)

Abstract

This study examines the history of Scotland during the medieval period, specifically focusing on the Wars of Independence against England, which took place between 1296 and 1346. These wars are divided into three phases: the first, from 1296 to 1305, was led by William Wallace, a popular hero from a family of minor aristocrats; the second, from 1306 to 1328, was led by Robert Bruce, a member of an influential Scottish family, who was later crowned King of Scotland; and the third phase, from 1332 to 1346, was commanded by members of the aristocracy. This study focuses on the first two phases of the conflict and on the figures of Wallace and Bruce, exploring their relationships with the English kings Edward I and his son, Edward II. The main objective is to discuss the dynamics of power between the secular and clerical aristocracies of Scotland, as well as to understand the clergy’s view of the English and Robert Bruce. The theoretical foundations for this study include the works of Prestwich (2003), Scott (2014), and Barreira (2021). In conclusion, it is argued that the relations between Scots and English, as well as the constructed imagery, are deeply connected to Scottish myths, the theft and destruction of their symbolic objects, and the devastation of their lands. The search for an heir to consolidate the denial of English dominance over Scottish lands influences the imagery surrounding the figure of Robert Bruce.