Fatores de risco para Near Miss Neonatal de mães adolescentes em uma maternidade de alto risco

Abstract

Teenage pregnancy is a major public health problem. This phase of life has been studied by psychology in particular by obstetrics, in search of factors related to this period and that influence the conditions of birth. The objective was to analyze the risk factors involving adolescent mothers of newborns who had a life-threatening condition at birth, but survived the Near Miss Neonatal period in newborns of adolescent mothers in a reference maternity hospital. Single Health System for high risk, held in Aracaju, from September 2014 to March 2015. A case-control study was conducted, and the criteria for the case group were age of the mother between 10 and 19 years, gestational age less than 32 weeks, Apgar score less than 7 in the fifth minute and birth weight below 1500g. The criteria for the control group were age of the mother between 10 and 19 years, same sex of the case, not to be twins and gestational age greater or equal to 37 weeks and less than 42 weeks. The data were obtained by consulting the charts of mothers and newborns together with an interview guided by a previously prepared form. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the Odds Ratio and the Chi-square test. A total of 34.5% of the adolescents in the group were submitted to the Kristeller maneuver, compared to 31.7% of the controls, 34.7% % of the adolescents in the group were drug users, compared to 2% of controls (a similar result for alcoholic beverage use and smoking habit). It was concluded that the occurrence of intercurrences during pregnancy (p = 0.004, OR = 3.791) and the number of prenatal consultations (p <0.001; OR = 7,933) are risk factors for Near Miss Neonatal in adolescent mothers. Other factors, such as the Kristeller maneuver, the use of oxytocin, and the smoking habit were not shown to be risk factors.