Programas de habitação popular em Salgado-SE: produção do espaço e simulacro do desenvolvimento

Abstract

The dynamics of space production in the current period of accumulation in the capitalist system are marked by profound antinomies, especially since the 1970s, when economic stagnation, driven by the fall in the rate of profit and the exhaustion of the Fordist-Keynesian model, gave rise to a new regime of accumulation. This new model, based on financialization, the flexibilization of labor relations and economic openness, restructured the role of institutions and, at the same time, the production of space itself. This transformation was not only semantic, but also practical, altering the planning/development binomial and highlighting the centrality of the State/Capital/Labor triad. In this context, the logic of development based on the territory emerges as an alternative for mobilizing people, especially in the face of the state's lack of concern for social needs. The prioritization of market profits and debt repayment, especially since the 1990s, has reinforced this dynamic, pushing collective demands into the background. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, the state is seeking to resume planning to some extent as a mechanism for mediating between the interests of capital and social needs, albeit in a limited and contradictory way. In fact, it is through the Territorial Planning and Development Policy, instituted in Sergipe in 2007, and the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC), created in the same year by the Federal Government, that we seek to highlight not only the subsumption of the planning/development binomial to the current model of capital accumulation, but also how social needs, such as housing, are captured and restructured through a logic of “combating” the housing deficit. In this sense, the analysis focuses on the implementation of the Casa Nova, Vida Nova Program (PCNVN), a reflection of Sergipe's Territorial Planning and Development Policy, and the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program (PMCMV), linked to the PAC, in the municipality of Salgado-SE. The research, based on the historical and dialectical materialist method, is based on the assumption that, although the place has relevant singularities, it is not explained by itself, but rather by the broader social and economic relations that surround it and often reinforce social injustice and the social division of labor. For the methodological procedures, the following steps were adopted: bibliographical research, based on authors such as Harvey (2005), Maricato (2015), Mascaro (2013) and Smith (1988); documentary research; collection and gathering of secondary data; interviews with the research subjects (representatives of secretariats, CONDEM, CNVN and MCMV beneficiaries); and cartographic production. The analysis argues that, based on the housing policies implemented in Salgado- SE, there is a subsumption of planning and development to the capitalist accumulation model, at the same time as the mediation between the state, capital and social needs is configured as an antinomy.