Fatores sociodemográficos associados ao letramento, conhecimento, comportamento e atitude financeira no Brasil

Abstract

This study analyzes the factors associated with inequality in financial literacy in Brazil, considering its impact on social inclusion, economic equality and sustainable development. The main objective is to identify how variables such as schooling, income, gender, age and financial behaviours influence the level of financial literacy of the Brazilian population, with a focus on marginalized groups. The research is characterized as basic, qualitative, descriptive and documentary, based on the Central Bank of Brazil's Financial Literacy Report, published in 2024. The methodology involved analyzing secondary data extracted from this report, which compiles information on the financial attitudes, knowledge and practices of different segments of the population. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to verify the normality of the data, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare independent groups and the Games-Howell test was applied as a post-hoc test to identify specific differences between groups, all with a significance level of 5%. Statistical processing was carried out using R software, selecting relevant variables such as education level, age group, income and financial balance. The results revealed that individuals with higher levels of education and those who maintain balanced financial attitudes, such as budget planning and regular savings, have higher levels of financial literacy. On the other hand, groups such as the elderly and women with incomes of up to two minimum wages showed significantly lower performance, indicating inequalities that require priority attention. Specifically, the study pointed out that low-income women face additional barriers, such as less access to financial education programs, while the elderly often lack familiarity with digital financial management tools. These findings reinforce the need for inclusive and accessible public policies. It is concluded that in order to promote a financially balanced country, it is essential to invest in financial education adapted to the needs of vulnerable groups, as well as interactive programs that encourage social inclusion and equal opportunities. Such initiatives should prioritize flexible strategies, such as practical workshops and accessible digital platforms, to reach marginalized populations and foster effective and sustainable financial management in Brazil.