Terminologia e terminografia diacrônicas da medicina legal: um estudo dos exames de corpo de delito de mulheres violentadas sexualmente no Sergipe oitocentista

Abstract

Forensic Medicine is the Art of applying the knowledge and precepts of medicine to the various issues of Law, to clarify or interpret them adequately (PEIXOTO, 1910; MAHON, 1801). The medico-legal act or medico-legal expertise is, therefore, a syndication that demands a body audit, fitting the performance of corpus delicti exams by medical experts from the demand of police and/or judiciary authorities (ALBERTO FILHO, 2020; FÁVERO, 1980). The object of study of this master’s dissertation are the corpus delicti exams contained in the 19th century criminal cases of defloramento registered in Sergipe (SOUZA, 2020; SOUZA, MARENGO, 2020; MARENGO, TEIXEIRA, 2019; TEIXEIRA et al., 2019; SOUZA et al., 2018). The initial mark of such period is set in the year 1854, date of the oldest remaining source of this discursive genre. Taking the contribution of the Sociocognitive Theory of Terminology (TEMMERMAN, 1997, 2000a, 2000b), of Socioterminology (FAULSTICH, 2002, 2001; MARENGO, 2020, MARENGO et al. 2019) and Terminography (MARENGO, 2017; KRIEGER, FINATTO, 2004; KRIEGER, 2001; FINATTO, 2001; MACIEL, 2001), our central objective is the construction of a terminological record with a sociocognitive bias, which enables the construction of a glossary, with the medico-legal terms extracted from the set of records of corpus delicti exams performed on women victims of sexual violence in Sergipe during the nineteenth century. The secondary objectives of this work go through the fulfillment of two of the agendas of the Project For the History of Brazilian Portuguese (PHPB), of which this dissertation is part: (a) the first consists in the making of the facsimile and semi-diplomatic editions of the corpus, edited in philological rigor and with well-established editing norms (CASTILHO, 2018); and (b) the second focuses on the (re)construction of the Social History of Brazilian Portuguese, since it is possible to identify norms of terminological uses in documents written by agents of the field of Law and Medicine in the nineteenth century (CALLOU; LOBO, 2020; ARRUDA, 2000). The semi-diplomatic editions were made using the e-Dictor software (PAIXÃO DE SOUZA, KEPLER, FARIA, 2013). Methodologically, after the preparation of the edits, we made use of the computer programs AntConc (ANTHONY, 2014) and TermoStat (DROUIN, 2010) to assist in the extraction process of the possible candidates for medico-legal terms. A total of 192 terms and their variations were identified. We applied our form in 02 (two) terms that we consider very relevant: defloration, for being the most representative, both quantitatively and qualitatively, because besides being the most frequent, since it appears in our corpus 99 (ninety-nine) times, it is the term that names the typology of the criminal process with which we are working, and virile member, for being the most frequent answer with 21 (twenty-one) indications to the questioning about what would be the means employed for the practice of the crime of defloration. By studying these terms, it was possible to know about the macro and micro social history, not only of the terms, but also of the 19th century society of Sergipe. As pointed out by Marengo (2016), that the Diachronic Terminology can unite the studies of the linguistic system and the interrelation with history and culture. We believe that our research constitutes an important contribution to diachronic and socio-historical studies of specialized languages and their related discourses.