Morbimortalidade de recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de maternidade de alto risco: um estudo descritivo

Abstract

The availability of adequate epidemiological information enables change in the profile of actions, intervening in care processes and meeting the current needs of the health services particularly to neonatal intensive care units, and is effective for organizing and evaluating the various levels within that unit. This manuscript aims to describe the patient hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit on a high risk maternity. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed with questions regarding demographic characteristics of mothers and their newborns, as well as issues related to the clinical outcome of these. The sample was composed of 146 newborns and the results revealed that cesarean deliveries were more frequent (59.6%) and that the mothers had a mean of age 25.8 ( ± 7.1 ) years and 53.4% of them showed any pathology or complications in previous pregnancies. Regarding newborns, 54.8% were male, 67.8% were born with a gestational age between 30 and 36 weeks and 40.4% had birth weights between 1501g and 2500g. In terms of interventions experienced by patients, 26% received parenteral nutrition and 50% were submitted to umbilical catheterization. Exogenous surfactant was administered in 30.8% and 91.1% of patients received antibiotic therapy. Regarding clinical outcome, 91.8% of newborns had Apgar scores in the fifth minute longer than seven, 63.6% had early respiratory distress (ERD) and 4 patients (2.7%) developed neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Were recorded 16 deaths which corresponded to 11% of newborns studied, the length of stay was less than 13 days up to 75% of patients. In order to improve these rates, actions should focus on preventing the birth of premature newborns and newborns with low weight.