Insegurança alimentar e nutricional e consumo de ultraprocessados em adultos com anemia falciforme

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in hemoglobin S (HbS), which, in Brazil, most of these individuals are part of the population that has unfavorable socioeconomic conditions which can contribute to Food and Nutritional Insecurity (INSAN), which in patients with SCA can complicate the clinical and nutritional status. Although many of these individuals are malnourished, overweight is increasing in this population. One of the factors contributing to this new nutritional profile is the increased consumption of ultra-processed foods. Thus, financial constraints can contribute to INSAN and this, when associated with the high consumption of ultra-processed foods, can complicate the clinical and nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the INSAN and consumption of ultra- processed foods in adults with SCA. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at the Benign Hematology Service of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe. Patients with AF aged over 20 years participated in the study, who, in addition to meeting the inclusion criteria, also signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. Personal, socioeconomic, body composition, food consumption and food and nutritional security information was collected. In addition, the analysis of body composition was performed through Bone Densitometry (DEXA). The collected data were stored in the Excel tabulation program. Numerical variables were expressed through measures of central tendency: absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviation. The program used for data processing was the R version 3.3.3 software. This project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research involving Human Beings of the Federal University of Sergipe with opinion number 2,897,835. RESULT: 65 individuals participated in the research, of which 52.31% were classified in socioeconomic level D and E. In addition, 55% of the participants were in INSAN. When analyzing the anthropometric data, 69.23% were eutrophic in terms of body mass index and 66.15% were classified as malnourished in terms of arm circumference. In the analysis of body composition by DEXA, 77.78% of the individuals had a body fat index compatible with normality and 72.73% had reduced muscle mass. When assessing food intake, the participants of this study had an average daily consumption of 1880.46 kcal, of these calories, 23.24% came from ultra-processed foods. CONCLUSION: Adults with SCA have low socioeconomic status, high levels of INSAN and consumption of ultra-processed foods. Regarding anthropometric aspects, despite being eutrophic in terms of BMI, they present malnutrition in arm circumference and low muscle mass in the DEXA analysis. Therefore, the results presented here reinforce the condition of nutritional risk in this population, which can be accentuated by INSAN and the increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods.