Uso de lodo de esgoto na composição de substratos para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus spp. : uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Sustainable development has become an increasingly discussed topic, especially within the Brazilian and global industrial sectors. In this context, sewage sludge, a byproduct of wastewater treatment plants, has been the focus of studies as a component in the composition of substrates for forest seedling production. Given this, a systematic review was conducted to compile data from scientific articles on the use of sewage sludge in the production of Eucalyptus spp. seedlings. To achieve the proposed objective, searches were carried out in indexed journals available in the CAPES journal portal. After reading and applying selection criteria, 12 articles were included in the analysis. The Southeast region had the highest concentration of studies, and 2020 was the year with the greatest number of publications. The use of sewage sludge and/or biochar was evaluated in Eucalyptus grandis, urograndis, and benthamii species, either in combination with agricultural residues and fertilizers or without any additives. The sludge was used in different conditions, such as raw, composted, biochar, and biosolid forms. It was observed that the lower the proportion of sewage sludge, the lower the availability of Ca and Mg. Additionally, sludge has higher microporosity, which affects the bulk density of compositions and the macroporosity percentages according to the combinations and mixture proportions. Regarding seedling development, height and stem diameter values were higher with the addition of vermiculite, although associations with organic residues, such as raw coffee husk, also presented favorable results, especially when 80% sewage sludge was applied. The use of sludge in biochar form proved to be more favorable for seedling development; however, with increasing doses, a decline in the quality index was observed.