Dor musculoesquelética e qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Musculoskeletal pain impairs the quality of life of elderly people and has a multifactorial nature. The lack of consensus on the best ways to assess quality of life in patients with musculoskeletal pain generates uncertainty in the clinical management of these patients. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the association between musculoskeletal pain and quality of life in the elderly. A systematic review was carried out with registration in PROSPERO using the identifier CRD42023456768 and search in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Proquest, Scopus, Lilacs and SciELO databases. There was the inclusion of studies according to the established criteria that involved musculoskeletal pain in the elderly with an emphasis on quality of life without language restrictions, between the years of publication 2009 to 2024. Subsequently, the risk of bias in the studies was assessed based on according to the design of the studies found. A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review.The most used assessment instruments to measure musculoskeletal pain were the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), a body diagram to locate pain, Numerical Assessment Scale and question questionnaires. Patients' quality of life was also measured through selfreports, questions and instruments such as the Short-Form-12 (SF-12), the EuroQoL (EQ-5D), the Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire (AQoL-4D), the WHOQOL-BREF. Studies have shown that musculoskeletal pain reduces quality of life in elderly people, but not only pain, but also other factors: depression, anxiety, and the number of pain sites were identified as the main determinants of this reduction. There is an association between musculoskeletal pain and quality of life and that pain in the lower back increases the worsening of quality of life in the elderly by 41%. The meta-analytic prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 63%. Therefore, it is essential that health professionals develop strategies for the prevention and management of musculoskeletal pain, aiming to improve the quality of life in this population. Therefore, multifactorial intervention programs, which include physical exercise, medical monitoring and psychological support, are recommended. Furthermore, public policies must be implemented to guarantee access to adequate care for older people.