Associação entre apneia obstrutiva do sono e periodontite

Abstract

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (SAOS) is a sleep-related respiratory disorder caused by narrowing of the pharyngeal airways during sleep, due to relaxation of the oropharyngeal muscular structures, Causing reduction or absence of airflow to the lungs. This syndrome has a multifactorial etiology. The consequences of this disease have an impact on the quality of life of the individual, causing cognitive changes, psychosocial and increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Periodontitis is an infectious disease that has as primary etiological factor the bacterial biofilm, resulting in inflammation in the tissues supporting the teeth, progressive loss of insertion and bone loss. Periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnea are diseases that increase pre- existing systemic inflammatory burden. The objective of this study is to investigate through a literature review whether if there is a positive association between obstructive sleep apnea and periodontitis, as well as to determine if there is a relation between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and the increase in the prevalence and severity of periodontitis. The SAOS and periodontal disease share similar risk factors: smoking, age, gender, and increased serum levels of systemic inflammation; Patients with a diagnosis of SAOS have a higher prevalence of periodontitis, presenting also more advanced conditions of the disease, the apnea syndrome can be considered a risk factor for periodontitis. Further studies are needed to clarify the nature of the association.