Análise dos dados epidemiológicos, temporal e espacial da Leptospirose em Sergipe: uma visão saúde única.

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that occurs worldwide and is an endemic disease in countries with humid tropical and subtropical climates. It increasingly affects urban populations due to floods associated with low-income population agglomeration, inadequate sanitation conditions and high infestation of infected rodents. The environmental factor is relevant in the transmission of the disease, since the flood period increases the contact between humans and the excreta of reservoir animals. One Health represents the interconnection between human, animal and environmental health and leptospirosis is an example of an imbalance in this relationship. The objective of the study is to describe the analysis of epidemiological, temporal and spatial data on leptospirosis in Sergipe, from 2007 to 2022. This is an ecological study, involving temporal and spatial analysis of confirmed cases, using the clinical-laboratory confirmation criteria. , of human leptospirosis in the state of Sergipe, from 2007 to 2022. During the study period, the annual incidence rates of the disease varied between 0.54 per 100,000 inhabitants (2021) to 2.85 per 100,000 inhabitants (2010) and the crude rate varied between 0.45 and 18.61 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The Nossa Senhora do Socorro and Aracaju Health Regions recorded the highest incidences in the state and the months with the highest concentration of cases were May, June and July. Among the municipalities with occurrence of leptospirosis, coverage in total sewage service ranged from 4.63% to 74.2%. Regarding solid waste collection coverage, three municipalities had coverage lower than 50%. Most of these municipalities in Sergipe did not reach 50% coverage in rainwater drainage. The spatial correlation between a high incidence of leptospirosis and low coverage of total sewage and rainwater drainage was observed in some municipalities. There was a higher occurrence in males (83.91%), aged between 20 and 39 years (37.2%), mixed race (72.5%) and incomplete primary education (56.2%). The likely places of infection were urban areas, with 371 cases (71.9%) and the home environment with 212 cases (41.08%). The fatality rate was 27.2% and the majority of deaths occurred among men (83.57%), aged between 40 and 59 years (38.6%), brown people (62.9%) and complete primary education ( 35.7%). It is concluded that leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Sergipe due to socio-environmental vulnerability, supporting the need for a One Health approach to the control and prevention of this disease.