Fisioterapia aquática na osteoartrite de quadril: uma revisão de escopo sobre os protocolos de tratamento utilizados

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects a large number of people worldwide. In Brazil, it is considered the 4th disease that most affects individuals due to absence from work, generating a relatively high socioeconomic impact due to the functional limitations, pain, and disabilities that generate absences from work. The use of aquatic physiotherapy (AP) in cases of hip OA has been investigated for more than two decades. Evidence with high methodological quality has been reported inferring that aquatic exercises are more advantageous for this population than land-based exercises. However, there is no review that compiles and organizes the various protocols used in clinical practice. Objective: To describe, classify, and map the AP protocols used in the treatment of hip OA, compiling the different approaches described in the literature with the aim of providing support for clinical practice. Methodology: This is a scoping review carried out according to the PRISMA Scope Review criteria. The search was conducted in the Scielo, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, PEDro and Cochrane databases, in addition to gray literature journals. Results: A total of 398 studies were identified, of which 7 were selected for the final sample. Among the studies analyzed, different methodological designs were observed, including systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis, and randomized clinical trials. The research covered all continents. The final sample showed a predominance of females and the majority had a mean age of 65 years. There was great variability in the protocols used in aquatic physiotherapy, however, most consisted of adaptations of kinesiotherapy performed on land. In the outcomes presented, surprisingly, few studies investigated structure and participation. Conclusion: The scoping review performed demonstrated that aquatic physiotherapy has high evidence in the treatment of hip OA. However, no specific methods or concepts of treatment in AF was used and few studies had body structure and participation as primary outcomes.