Perfil clínico de recém-nascidos em uma unidade neonatal no município de Lagarto-SE

Abstract

Introduction: Newborn health care is of fundamental importance, since the neonatal period is characterized by biological, environmental, socioeconomic and cultural risks. Conventional Neonatal Intermediate Care Units (NICUs) are responsible for the care of newborns who require continuous assistance, but with less complexity than the NICU. The physiotherapist's role in these units includes assessment, treatment and monitoring of the functionality of the respiratory, cardiovascular and neuromotor components of newborns (NBs) and preterm newborns (PTNBs). Objective: To identify the clinical profile of newborns treated by Physiotherapy in a neonatal unit of a maternity hospital in the city of Lagarto-SE. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a maternity hospital, with a sample composed of newborns admitted to the Conventional Intermediate Care Unit. Data collection took place over a two-month period, with observation of electronic medical records and was carried out through a questionnaire developed by the authors. Results: The final sample consisted of 56 medical records of newborns who were referred to the UCINco of the Zacarias Júnior Maternity Hospital, in Lagarto/SE, between January and November 2024. Among the data obtained, it was observed that 70% of the puerperal women (n=28) were between 19 and 30 years old, approximately 20% (n=8) of the puerperal women came from municipalities outside the territory of Sergipe. Regarding the obstetric, neonatal and clinical data of the hospitalization, only 7.5% (n=3) of the pregnant women had less than 5 prenatal consultations and the most prevalent complication during pregnancy was syphilis infection (17.5%; n=7). Regarding the neonatal profile, there was a predominance of males (57.5%; n=23), the most prevalent diagnosis at admission to the NICU was sepsis (17.5%; n=7), and most newborns remained hospitalized between 2-5 days (60%; n=24), with 7.5% (n=3) requiring transfer to a higher intensive care unit and 2.5% (n=1) dying. Conclusion: It is evident that the newborns admitted to the NICU of the Zacarias Junior Maternity Hospital have a mixed profile, because although the majority meet the profile recommended by the Ministry of Health for this type of intensive care, the unit also accommodates more complex cases in which interventions demanded greater technology, required transfers, and/or the patient died.