A garantia de direitos das mães de crianças na primeira infância em situação de vulnerabilidade social : um estudo sobre maternagem e políticas sociais

Abstract

The study aims to analyze how the rights of mothers of children in early childhood who are in conditions of social vulnerability are guaranteed. Furthermore, it seeks to understand the socio-historical formation of the motherhood/mothering process and how it manifests in the Brazilian reality, to identify the profile of mothers of children aged 0 to 6 years who are in socioeconomic vulnerability in the capital of the State of Sergipe, as well as to investigate how social policies in Brazil guarantee the rights of mothers in situations of social vulnerability. The research is justified by the centrality of mothering in social reproduction and the sustenance of life, especially in scenarios of poverty and structural inequality. It is considered fundamental to understand the experiences of mothers in order to problematize the role of the State and social policies in addressing vulnerability, as well as to give visibility to caregiving work. This is a qualitative research study with an exploratory and explanatory character, based on a bibliographic survey and documentary analysis of official data. The work is grounded in historical-dialectical materialism, engaging with authors such as Florestan Fernandes, Heleieth Saffioti, Silvia Federici, Françoise Vergès, Elaine Behring, Ivanete Boschetti, and Marilda Iamamoto. This theoretical foundation allows for understanding mothering as a practice shaped by the intersection of capitalism, racism, and patriarchy in the Brazilian context. The results highlight the overload on women, especially Black and Brown women, in family support and the care of children in early childhood. It is observed that the insufficiency of social policies in guaranteeing dignified conditions for mothering reveals that such policies are not designed for these women but are instead oriented toward maintaining the capitalist system. Therefore, the analysis points to the need for more integrated policies that are sensitive to the reality of these women, reinforcing the importance of the State’s role in guaranteeing rights.