Análise temporal do uso e cobertura das terras por atividade de mineração e modificação da paisagem no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana – Parnasi e sua zona de amortecimento

Abstract

During the process of economic and territorial formation in Brazil, the exploitation of natural resources intensified, increasingly contributing to environmental degradation. The Serra de Itabaiana National Park (PARNASI) faces impacts from mineral resource exploitation, both within the park and in its buffer zone. This exploitation includes the extraction of sand, gravel, and clay, primarily intended for civil construction. The present study aims to analyze landscape changes in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park caused by mineral resource exploitation. To achieve this, the study sought to identify areas of mineral extraction, describe changes in the landscape, and discuss existing conflicts in PARNASI. In this way, this research contributes to the representation of land use and occupation within the park and its buffer zone, enabling an assessment of the current state of environmental protection in this Conservation Unit and, thus, supporting decision-making based on the research results. To achieve these objectives, a methodology based on Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing was used. This approach allowed for the analysis of landscape changes through a temporal and geosystemic perspective. Satellite images from 2005, 2015 and 2020 were used, and a supervised classification was performed to identify land use and occupation classes, as well as to quantify the affected areas. This analysis demonstrated how mining activity evolved after the creation of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park. Based on the data collected on the use and coverage of PARNASI, it was found that mining activity expanded in areas designated for this practice between 2007 and 2020, exerting pressure on the preservation of the park. This situation highlights the need for the implementation of a buffer zone that considers both the natural and social aspects of the Serra de Itabaiana National Park.