Efetividade de intervenção educativa de enfermagem para o autocuidado em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Managing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a complex challenge that transcends prescription, as the effectiveness of treatment depends on the individual's ability to incorporate self-care behaviors into their daily routine. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on knowledge about the disease and self-care activities in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental, before-and-after, non-randomized study with a quantitative-qualitative approach, in which validated instruments were used at the beginning and end of the intervention. The responses were obtained by transcribing audio recordings after the intervention. For quantitative analysis, the Student's ttest for dependent and independent samples, Levene's test, Cohen's d, and bootstrapping were used, using SPSS version 25. In the qualitative stage, the IRaMuTeQ® software was used to obtain lexical statistics, descending hierarchical classification, correspondence factor analysis, similarity analysis, and word cloud. Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in knowledge scores (p=0.001), with a high effect size (d=1.82), as well as in aspects of general nutrition (p=0.002), with a medium effect size (d=0.58), and foot care (p=0.001), with a high effect size (d=0.80). A decrease in emotional exhaustion was also observed, showing the greatest effect size (d=2.02) post-intervention. Correspondence Factor Analysis revealed that the analyzed discursive field is structured around two main tensions: practical-emotional tension and technical-subjective tension. The dendrogram derived from Descending Hierarchical Classification shows the segmentation of the corpus into six distinct lexical categories. Conclusion: Interventions based on conversation maps produce measurable changes in knowledge, self-care, and emotional distress in people with type 2 diabetes.