Incapacidade funcional trinta dias após o acidente vascular cerebral: estudo transversal

Abstract

Introduction: Disabilities resulting from stroke and their repercussions influence the loss of functionality and greater dependence, thus, approximately 30% of stroke survivors have severe functional disabilities, requiring continuous assistance to perform daily activities. Objective: To evaluate the functional capacity of patients 30 days after stroke. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study carried out with 66 records of patients diagnosed with stroke, throughout the territory of Sergipe, treated at the Emergency Hospital between August 2022 and January 2023. Data collection used specific instruments and telephone contact 30 days after the stroke, to apply the Rankin Scale. The variables tested included age, gender, marital status, education, location, neurological status (Glasgow Coma Scale), post-stroke functionality, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Statistical analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, Chi-square, Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests, with a significance level of 5% in the JASP software (version 9.1.0). Results: The sample consisted of two groups: Group 1 (G1) containing 14 patients without disability and Group 2 (G2) containing 52 individuals with functional disability. G2 was significantly older (median: 65.7 years) than those without disability (G1: 57 years) (p = 0.022). G1 showed a predominance of males (71.4%), while G2 had a higher prevalence of females (61.5%) (p = 0.057). The majority of G1 were married or in a stable union (92.9%), while G2 was predominantly widowed or single (57.7%) (p = 0.003). There were no statistical differences between the relationship between education level and place of residence and functionality. G1 presented mild scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale, while in G2 this condition was observed in 75% of cases (p = 0.015). Regarding functionality, 98% of G2 presented functional limitation after stroke, compared with 42.8% in G1 (p < 0.001), evidencing greater functional impact in the group with disability. Conclusion: Disability was associated with age, gender, marital status, comorbid burden, need for hospitalization, Glasgow Coma Scale score and functionality.