Determinantes sociais e a ocorrência da via de parto no Brasil: uma análise de dados do DATASUS

Abstract

Introduction: Social determinants of health (SDH) constitute essential factors for understanding the individual's health-disease process, directly influencing the Brazilian obstetric scenario, currently characterized by a culture of medicalization and cesarean section rates that widely exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Objective: To analyze the influence of social, economic, and demographic determinants on the occurrence of the mode of delivery in Brazil. Method: This is a descriptive epidemiological analysis with a quantitative approach, carried out using secondary data obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), consisting of a temporal, regional, and factorial analysis from 2013 to 2023. Results: The results showed that in all years the number of cesarean deliveries (56.70%) was higher than vaginal deliveries. In the statistical analysis, there was a significant association (p=0.001) between the variable delivery type and race, maternal education, maternal age, number of prenatal visits, marital status, and region of residence. Conclusion: It is concluded, therefore, that there is an important relationship between social determinants and the occurrence of delivery modes in Brazil, with these factors being strongly associated with sociodemographic conditions, cultural factors, and the health service provided. Furthermore, it was possible to affirm the prevalence of cesarean delivery in the SUS during the 10 years recorded in the study.