Prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de idade no município de Lagarto-SE

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the numerous benefits for both the child and the mother, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of a child’s life. However, the prevalence of breastfeeding in Brazil and worldwide remains below the desired level. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence the success of breastfeeding. Rationale: To analyze the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age, the barriers encountered, and the presence of professional guidance during the breastfeeding process. Materials and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted through convenience interviews with mothers of children aged six months to two years who were attended at primary health care units in Lagarto-SE, using a structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age was 51.5% among children in Lagarto-SE. Most mothers were 21 to 36 years old, had completed or incomplete secondary education, and a family income of up to two minimum wages. EBF showed a significant association with marriage or stable union (p = 0.001), number of children breastfed (p = 0.003), gestational age at birth (p = 0.010), breastfeeding within the first hour of life (p = 0.039), and initial breast engorgement (p = 0.038). Negative associations were found with formula prescription at hospital discharge (p < 0.001), infant irritability during breastfeeding (p = 0.009), difficulty latching onto the breast (p < 0.001), bottle use (p < 0.001), and pacifier use (p = 0.006) during EBF. No significant associations were observed between EBF and sociodemographic variables, type of delivery, or support from healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Approximately half of the children maintained EBF for six months, a result that aligns with other national studies but is still distant from the 70% target set by the WHO for 2030. Several factors were identified as determinants or non-determinants of EBF maintenance. Despite methodological limitations, this study contributes to understanding the factors that influence EBF in Lagarto-SE and provides a basis for public policies and professional actions aimed at promoting and sustaining breastfeeding.