Dinâmica da diversidade liquênica sob influência de incêndios florestais em localidades do Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana/SE

Abstract

Forest fires are among the principal drivers of environmental degradation, altering landscape structure and compromising biodiversity. In this context, lichens stand out as sensitive biomonitors of environmental change. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the recurrence of forest fires, landscape units, and the diversity of lichen communities in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park (PARNASI) between 1985 and 2024. The methodology integrated data from MapBiomas Fire 4.0, analysis of landscape units, climatic variables, field surveys, lichen identification, alpha and beta diversity indices, and correlation analysis between fire frequency and lichen diversity. The results showed that fire recurrence was concentrated in more open areas and during periods of lower rainfall, indicating the influence of climatic seasonality on fire dynamics. Burnt areas exhibited reduced alpha diversity and lower specimen richness, whereas beta diversity increased as a result of species turnover between burnt and unburnt areas. A negative correlation was observed between fire frequency and lichen diversity, confirming the potential of lichens as bioindicators of environmental degradation and changes in the landscape dynamics of PARNASI.