Mapeamento das condições ambientais favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da esquistossomose na região sul do estado de Sergipe

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a major waterborne diseases and environmental degradation , poverty and underdevelopment are key factors for its occurrence . This study aims to perform the mapping of favorable environmental conditions for the development of schistosomiasis involving 23 municipalities that are part of the southern state of Sergipe in the period 2001-2010. Areas were chosen for detaining a history of endemicity of schistosomiasis being used as crowds on weekends. The study was guided by the results of the Schistosomiasis Control Program and visits to the municipalities bordering the river basins Vasa Barris , Real Piauí River and river. To assess the possible relationship between the characteristics of the pattern of occupation of land space and its ability to induce the occurrence of schistosomiasis was prepared a list of inducers (risk factors) that express conditions related to the presence and maintenance of breeding or outbreaks of this disease. For the mapping of favorable conditions a GIS was used, where information Municipal Human Development Index, suitability, sanitation, rainfall, environmental degradation, accessibility localities and inducers of schistosomiasis were spatially suggesting areas of injury to the health of populations with nearby bodies of water. From the acquisition of graphics and descriptive spatial data base map was constructed , georreferenciando the spatial position of the cases the number of snails collected , the road network , the inductors as well as the rate of infection for S. mansoni in the study areas . The program used for connecting the storage of descriptive attributes and spatial data to graphical features allowing visualization of spatial analysis was QGIS , where results were presented through tables and thematic maps . We used the intensity Kernel method, which promoted a statistical smoothing filter allowing the variability of a data set while retaining the essential characteristics of sites. The results fed into the base of the ´Datasus´ in the period 2001-2010 were 49,483 cases of schistosomiasis , referring to municipalities. Thematic maps produced feature regions spatial position of greater intensity of positive cases and number of snails collected . With spatial analysis was allowed to observe the at risk areas, associating the road network and inductors. The results of this study may help preventative measures public intervention, facilitating monitoring of the regions under study.