Distribuição, caracterização e determinação de incidência dos casos de fissura orofacial no estado de Sergipe, Brasil

Abstract

The orofacial cleft (OC) is a birth defect resulting from failures in the development or maturation of embryonic processes. Obtaining data about the FO incidence is not difficult, because it is malformation of easy viewing. However, in Brazil, epidemiological data about FO is not accurate. The objective of this research was to determine the distribution, characterization and incidence the orofacial cleft cases in the the Sergipe state, Brazil. This research was conducted with two cuts, a retrospective and prospective. Initially was realized an observational, crosssectional and retrospective population-based study with the individuals with OC treated at SEAFESE, from October 2003 to September 2013 and It was determined the prevalence of the OC. Then, It was realizes an observational, longitudinal and prospective study to determine the incidence, through an active search in the Sergipe state, from October 2013 to September 2014. In the incidence study were used as data collection instruments the clinical examination and the interview script.The monitoring was carried out with the epidemiology of teams in each county in the Sergipe state and in the maternity hospitals in the capital and the countryside, through personal visits and/or through contact by phone. These people were recruited to be attend in the SEAFESE, to collect the sociodemographic data, birth and the fissure classification. It was found 669 cleft in SEAFESE, the average age of this population was 15.3 years, with a monthly income between one and two minimum wages, native of the countryside and dependent on the Unified Health System (SUS). The most observed cleft was the trans-foramen (48.1%), followed by postforamen (26.8%) and pre-foramen (25.1%). It was find a higher frequency of unilateral clefts (72.4%). The prevalence found it was 1 case per 1201 live births, with the data obtained in SEAFESE and a prevalence it was 1 case per 2049 live births with the data obtained from DATASUS. In relation about the incidence, It was 0.78:1000, through an active search. The SINASC data, the incidence was 0.54:1000, this occurred because there was an underreporting of 08 CLP cases in SINASC when we compared the results of our research. Was concluded that there were 26 new cases of orofacial cleft in the Sergipe state and an underreporting of 30% of cases of FO. In the population studied, a predominant demographic profile was males, white, from the countryside, with a monthly income of 1 minimum wage and SUS users.