Constructing a statistical mechanics for Beck-Cohen superstatistics

Abstract

The basic aspects of both Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) and nonextensive statistical mechanics can be seen through three different stages. First, the proposal of an entropic functional (SBG=-k∑ipilnpi for the BG formalism) with the appropriate constraints (∑ipi=1 and ∑ipiEi=U for the BG canonical ensemble). Second, through optimization, the equilibrium or stationary-state distribution (pi=e-βEi/ZBG with ZBG=∑je-βEj for BG). Third, the connection to thermodynamics (e.g., FBG=-(1/β)lnZBG and UBG=-(∂/∂β)lnZBG). Assuming temperature fluctuations, Beck and Cohen recently proposed a generalized Boltzmann factor B(E)=∫0∞dβf(β)e-βE. This corresponds to the second stage described above. In this paper, we solve the corresponding first stage, i.e., we present an entropic functional and its associated constraints which lead precisely to B(E). We illustrate with all six admissible examples given by Beck and Cohen.