Análise de fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos, genéticos e de cárie dentária em crianças com anemia falciforme no estado de Sergipe

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia (HbSS) is a mendelian genetic disorder caused by a point mutation (A/T) on hemoglobin’s beta globin gene, originating an abnormal hemoglobin called hemoglobin S (HbS). People with HbSS have more susceptibility to develop infections, inflammation, ischemia, episodes of pain and tissue necrosis, as well as changes in the stomatognathic system and its associated structures. The aim of this study was to evaluating socioeconomic, clinical, genetic and caries in children with HbSS in the State of Sergipe. This cross-sectional case-control study involved 210 volunteers, 70 HbSS composing the study group (SG) and 140 composing the group of control (CG). The SG was paired with CG on age and gender. Data collection included interviews with the parent/guardian, verification of medical records and clinical examination. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 20, considering a confidence interval of 95% (p <0.05). The mean age of the sample was 6.73 ± 2.62. The majority (74.3%) of the patient’s parents of SG had little schooling, and 45.7% are in the lower economic classes (D and E). In SG were observed coadjuvant systemic diseases and comorbidities of HbSS. Regarding dental caries, 29 (41.4%) of the volunteers of SG and 46 (36.9%) of the CG showed zero decay. The caries indices in permanent teeth showed no statistical difference between groups, although the decay component (C) performed statistically different between the groups, for teeth (p=0.028) and to surfaces (p=0.035). The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of SNPs rs1143641, rs1143633, rs1143634 showed no similarity to the European (CEU) and Sub-Saharan African (YRI) populations. The proinflammatory genotypes for SNP rs1143634 presented: additive [TC (32.8%) and CC (3.0%)], dominant [TC + CC (35.8%)] and recessive [CC (3.0%)]. With the data it can be concluded that SG showed lower socioeconomic profile compared to the CG. The descriptive analysis of systemic diseases and complications demonstrated harm to health and quality of life in the population with HbSS. The groups had a similar experience of tooth decay, no statistical difference between caries indices. The genetic profile frequencies of genotypes and alleles indicate ethnic mix of the population studied between CEU and YRI populations. The pro-inflammatory genotypes didn’t show high prevalence in SG and can’t evaluate their impact, this evoluation just can be possible with indreased sample size. The results demonstrate that the patients with HbSS have a health impairment arising because of the systemic and oral aspects, requiring prioritized monitoring and early monitoring.