Complicações em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia em hospital escola de Sergipe

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with cholecystolithiasis. The lethality rate ranges from 0.1% to 0.5% as age increases. About 3% to 5% of patients will present early postoperative complications. Aims: This paper aims to evaluate the post-cholecystectomy, conventional or videolaparoscopic complications. Methods: Use of database of medical records of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. The variables studied were: age, sex, evolution of pain in months, length of hospital stay, cholecystectomy, postoperative diagnosis, anatomopathological examination, intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative complications, stay in the Intensive Care Unit, deaths. In the statistical analysis, Pearson's Chi-Square test was used, Fisher's test for categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis and Man-Whitney tests were used for the independent variables, considering p <0.05 as statistical significance. Results: A total of 220 medical records of patients undergoing cholecystectomy were evaluated, of which 79.1% were female. The mean age was 45.8 years. The diagnosis of cholelithiasis was present in 86.4% of the reports of ultrasonography or computed tomography. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 84.1% of the patients. The hospital stay was 4.6 days. The calculated chronic cholecystitis report was more prevalent in patients over 15 years (p = 0.005). Postoperative complications were similar between laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy (p = 0.898). The length of hospital stay has significant influence depending on the type of surgery (p = 0.005), the patient's gender (p = 0.009) and the age range (p=0,006). Likewise, postoperative complications (including death) are more prevalent as age increases (p = 0.0016). Conclusion: There were no differences in complications between laparotomic and videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy. Mortality was higher over 65 years. Hospital stay increases with progression of age, male and laparotomic cholecystectomy. Complications were more frequent in patients over 15 years of age. Bile duct drainage by Portovac and shock were the most frequent complications.