A mobilidade do capital como marca da acumulação capitalista na mineração

Abstract

Since the occupation/invasion process that took place in the territory of Sergipe, the exploration of mineral resourses has been endossed by the development of capitalist production relations, materialized in exploratory incursions to find mineral reserves that could legitimate and guarantee the occupation of the territory. The expeditions for minerals aided the primitive accumulation process that guaranteed the objective conditions of consolidating capitalism in Europe. Based on this assumption, this research aimed to analyze the State-Capital-Work articulations to enable mineral exploration in Baixo Cotinguiba. The referent research is based in the method of historical dialectical materialism and seeks to reflect the concrete reality of a procedural way from the historically established contradictions in the relation capital/work in its totality. Our studies enable us to affirm that mining started to be listed as a driving activity for the socioeconomic development in Sergipe, from the second half of the twentieth century, through the developmentalist ideology. In this process, the State assumes the role of development-inducer, acting for the realization of mineralogical studies that resulted in the discovery of oil, natural gas, potassium salts, limestone and rock salt reserves, as well as the necessary infrastructure for the circulation and mobility of capital, the construction of seaports, the implementation of highways and a system of ducts. With the emergence of the structural crisis, the model of a intervening State became insufficient to meet the demands of capital, and the Neoliberal State assumed the shape of a capitalist development, reorganizing the basis of social reproduction and spreading privatization and outsourcing. In the midst of this conjuncture, the mobility of capital embodied in privatization and outsourcing reveals itself as a spectrum of the activation of the last absolute limits of capital, substantiating this process, the privatization of Vale and its subsequent capture by the US-based transnational Mosaic Company to the Cargill group, in addition to the privatization of Petrobrás in a gradual manner through the concession of oil and natural gas exploration fields, privatization of subsidiary companies such as FAFEN-Sergipe, as well as the outsourcing of the operational activities of the company to national and international private capital. In addition to this process, the State acts as a legitimizing agent, intensifying exploitation and precarious labor conditions, subjecting the working class to flexible accumulation patterns, such as the outsourcing of activities and withdrawal of labor rights. The mobility of capital is the landmark of the capitalist logic of accumulation in mineral exploitation that subjugates human needs to the imperative of capital and transforms labor into carcasses of time.