Memória coletiva e ethos discursivo : a importância do ato de argumentar em relatos de pescadores

Abstract

In the different manners of expressing oneself by texts, we consider that human beings in their socio-discursive practices used these practices not only to communicate but also to put themselves at the head of the world. In the city of Gararu (an state’s countryside), an riverside city, surrounded by The São Francisco River, a lot of fishermen build and rebuild, interactively their life stories, always taking into account the relation between themselves and the river, by their experiences, giving their opinions, and revealing this way, their placement. In this research, we propose to analyze how the collective memory, evinced by these fisherman’s experiences points to the construction of the discursive ethos in the enunciation. Therefore, we search to reach the general goal, by specifics goals: evince the notion of discursive ethos, linked to the previous ethos, in a manner to realize the stereotyping confirmed or modified (in this case, the fisherman's ethos exaggerated, without compromise with the truth); establish a relation between ethos and pathos as a fundamental condition of the logos; contributing with the recordings of the fishermen’s memories group about the place where they live/lived. For this purpose, we have used the pragmatic arguments as a route of favorable assessment or unfavorable on the causes and consequences of the realities which are presented in the records. Considering the situation and/or the argumentative dynamic, we can see that the pathos substantiates any and all discourse (the logos); while the ethos joins in an enunciative position, able to act over the pathos. From of the pragmatical argumentation a kind of argument which is based on the life experience, we present as a hypothesis the proposition of the fisherman portraying the reality faced by them, trough their stories, arguing unfavorably about the current reality, trying to modify the previous ethos. This research is based on the theoretical-methodology of scholars and researchers in the field of the social memory and the rhetorical argumentation, as Halbwachs (2006); Bosi (2003 e 1994); Nora (1993); Weiduschadt e Fischer (2009); Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005); Reboul (2004); Ferreira (2010), Amossy (2016) e Maingueneau (2008; 2016). The corpus was developed through semi-structured narratives, performed by eleven fishermen, residents of the above-mentioned city. As a result, we realized when the fisherman brings to the memory things related to the past, the previous ethos is confirmed, so the exaggeration was made present “it was a plentiful, abundant, full and rich era”, when it is related to the current reality, there is it attempt to build an ethos which escapes from the causes and unfavorable consequences explained by some of the fishermen, creating this way, two ethé, one revealed by the aware fishermen (the informants), and the other, revealed by the unaware fishermen (those who cause the unfavorable consequences).