Estresse, síndrome de burnout e qualidade de vida em estudantes de medicina que utilizam metodologia ativa de ensino-aprendizagem: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Frequent study, tests, participation in compulsory and extracurricular activities, extensive workload, academic pressure, and the constant dealing with death are some situations faced by the medical student in his or her daily life. From the moment the student presents difficulties to overcome them, they are considered stressful. In the academic and professional context, chronic exposure to stress can generate Burnout Syndrome, as well as impairment of quality of life (QoL). The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the presence of stress, Burnout Syndrome (BS) and quality of life (QoL) condition of medical students using active teaching-learning methodology; and (2) describe the factors associated with altered quality of life. This is an observacional and cross-sectional study with a descriptive and quantitative approach that has as a research universe the University Campus Profº Antônio Garcia Filho, which uses Problem-Based Learning as a teaching-learning methodology. Conveniently, a non-probabilistic sample of 143 students was chosen. The sociodemographic profile characterization questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey and the World Health Organization's Quality of Life (WHOQoL-bref) were applied. There was a high perception of stress in the sample. Regarding Burnout, the three domains were altered. There was a high perception of emotional exhaustion and disbelief in themselves, and low in relation to professional effectiveness. The factors associated with poor QoL were the WHOQOL-bref domains related to the environment and social relationships. Perceived stress increased by 6.2 times the chance of students having a poor QoL outcome. MBI-SS presented the dimension of emotional exhaustion as the main factor. The variables related to health behavior and university activities were not associated as a risk factor for poor QoL. This 29 study identified the presence of stress and changes in the domains of Burnout Syndrome that were significantly associated as risk factors for the change in QoL of medical students using active methodologies. It was identified that other aspects not related to stress and BS, such as public transport inefficiency and insecurity, may have contributed to this result.