Eficiência técnica e financeira do aproveitamento forrageiro na exploração de milho verde em Sergipe

Abstract

Corn production is of great importance in northeastern Brazil, being seen as an alternative for small producers to include their product in the market. Besides the economic return per planted area, the production also allows the use of corn plants and non-commercial cobs for animal feed, and helps to free up the area earlier for planting other crops. Sergipe presents the Agreste territory as the biggest productive pole of the state, being responsible for the significant movement of the economy of this region, even though it is produced in monoculture, a factor that has caused concerns about its sustainability. Thus, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the technical efficiency and perform the financial analysis of the production of forage, as an exploitation of the green corn production in commercial cobs in Sergipe. The study was conducted in the experimental farm of the Federal University of Sergipe, in an experimental area composed of experimental strips with subdivided plots, where in the strips the systems of conventional cultivation (CC), minimum (CM) and no-till (PD) and in the plots were arranged randomly and in three repetitions the preceding crops crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L. ), cowpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) with the combined presence of nitrogen fertilization (N) and inoculation (I) with Azospirillum brasilense. The data are for the 2020 green corn crop. To evaluate the technical efficiency, we determined the height of green corn plants (PA) by the distance between the soil surface and the flag leaf; the foliar chlorophyll index (ICF) with a chlorophyllometer; the forage dry biomass productivity being the values extrapolated to kg ha-1; Determination of nitrogen (N) by Kjelhdahl method, mineral matter (MM) by Weende method, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) - DESCHAMPS method (1990), hemicellulose (HEM) by the fraction HEM = FDN - FDA; total digestible nutrients (TDF) by the equation % NDT= 105.2 - (0.667 x FDN) proposed by Undersander et al. , (1993). The costs of the financial analysis were determined by the methodology described by Matsunaga et al., (1976) proposed by the Institute of Agricultural Economics (IEA). To this end the Effective Operational Cost, average forage productivity (ton./ha), Gross Revenue (RB), Total Revenue (RT) were evaluated for each treatment (cropping system x previous crop x fertilization). It was observed that CC/Guandu/N promoted increase in AP and ICF of green corn forage; the highest green corn forage productivity achieved was in CM/Millet/I; ACP revealed that green corn grown in CC/Guandu/N increased N and CP contents, while CT had greater response in CC/Caupi/N; the ICF was higher in the CC/Caupi/N; NDT had higher relevance in the PCA when subjected to CM/Caupi/I; hemicellulose showed higher content when subjected to PD/Millet/I and PD/Guandu/I. For the financial analysis, CC/Guandu/N and CC/Guandu/I promoted higher production costs, being R$11163.37 and R$11091.79, respectively. CC/Milheto/N and CC/Milheto/I promoted lower production costs of R$7464.55 and R$7392.97, respectively. The CM/Caupi/I recorded higher green corn forage productivity with 16680.0 tons/ha and the CC/Crotalaria/I recorded lower productivity with 11860.0 tons/ha. The highest RB was recorded in CM/Caupi/I (R$9510.00) and the lowest in CM/Crotalaria/I (R$6760.00). The highest RT was R$18293.37 and R$18291.79, respectively for CC/Guandu/N and CC/Guandu/I and the lowest was in PD/Millet/N and PD/Millet/I (R$14494.55 and R$14612.97, respectively).