Aspectos de saúde bucal em indivíduos com deficiências atendidos em projeto de extensão de uma universidade pública

Abstract

Introduction: The concept of a person with a disability in dentistry includes all users who have one or more limitations, temporary or permanent, of a mental, physical, sensory, emotional nature, among others. The reason for this deficiency can be diverse, from heredity to changes suffered throughout life. Most of these individuals have impaired oral hygiene due to their physical or psychological barriers and become prone to developing oral diseases. Objective: To evaluate oral health aspects of children and adolescents with disabilities assisted in a dance extension project at the Campus of Lagarto of the Federal University of Sergipe. Materials and methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out in two moments, application of a questionnaire obtaining sociodemographic data, medical history and quality of life and carrying out a clinical dental examination for the diagnosis of gingival bleeding, caries, dental trauma, malocclusions and mucosal lesions. In addition, a survey was carried out on general quality of life related to oral health using the validated Brazilian version of the questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed to obtain absolute and relative frequencies and measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: The final sample consisted of 13 people with disabilities, 61.5% male, with a mean age of 10.54 ± 6.09 years, and 53.8% had Autism Spectrum Disorder. 84.6% of the participants used continuous medication, with Risperidone being the most reported. Among the main diagnoses of oral diseases, it was possible to identify gingival bleeding (84.6%), caries (69.2%), malocclusions (84.6%). Regarding the general quality of life associated with the oral appearance, the domains that indicated the worst quality of life were the emotional aspect (mean of 52.60), school activity (mean of 56.94) and physical capacity (mean of 52.60). of 57.08). In the general score, in the school activity domain and in the oral health domain, there was a negative impact on the quality of life in 61.5% of PCDs. Conclusion: This study showed that even in a small sample, a considerable number of people with disabilities have had oral health problems, often requiring immediate urgent dental treatment.