Análise comparativa da rugosidade superficial da liga Ti-45Nb e do titânio comercialmente puro em implantes osseointegrados: estudo exploratório

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of double acid etching on the surface treatment of commercially pure titanium (Ti-cp) dental implants compared to Titanium-45 Niobium (Ti45Nb) implants. The control group included four Ti-cp implants, while the test group consisted of four Ti-45Nb implants treated with the same surface protocol as the control group, and one untreated Ti-45Nb implant. The surface treatment protocol—double acid etching with 30% sulfuric acid and 30% nitric acid solutions—was developed by the implant manufacturer. The surface topography of all samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at magnifications of 500x, 1000x, 2000x, and 4000x, and images were processed with ImageJ software to assess roughness parameters (Ra and Rq). Data were statistically analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene’s test, ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Tukey’s test revealed statistically significant differences in roughness values between groups. The findings showed that the same surface treatment protocol effective for Ti-cp implants was ineffective in modifying the surface roughness of Ti-45Nb implants. This suggests that Ti-45Nb exhibits greater resistance to material removal under standard acid etching conditions. The optimal surface treatment for Ti-45Nb dental implants requires further investigation, as this study highlights the need for alternative methods tailored to the unique properties of the Ti-45Nb alloy.