Marcas raciais da expropriação do espaço urbano : déficit habitacional e questão racial no Brasil contemporâneo

Abstract

The research conducted focused on the dynamics of access to housing and its unequal configuration for the Black population. The general objective was to understand the relationship between the housing deficit in Brazil and the racialization of the population. To achieve this, the following specific objectives were established: 1) to analyze the historical influence of racism on Brazilian social formation and its repercussions on the expressions of the social question; 2) to investigate the role of the State, through housing policies, in addressing the housing deficit; and 3) to examine the components and distribution of the housing deficit in Brazil, highlighting the ethnic-racial profile of the Brown and Black population represented in these indicators. This was an exploratory study grounded in the principles of historicaldialectical materialism, using bibliographic and documentary sources and adopting a qualiquantitative approach. The bibliographic sources included books that discuss Brazilian social formation, structural racism, and the right to the city, in addition to scientific articles, theses, and dissertations available on digital platforms dealing with the same subject. In parallel, the documentary sources comprised data produced by official institutions, with emphasis on statistical surveys on the housing deficit, as well as datasets that make it possible to identify the ethnic-racial profile, income, and sex of the affected populations. The main results indicate that it is essential to incorporate racial criteria into housing policies, given that the housing deficit in Brazil remains heavily concentrated among Black people and groups earning between one and three minimum wages. The data show that this concentration is not incidental but rather a direct expression of the persistence of structural racism in the organization of urban space. In summary, the study exposes that the Brown and Black population is more likely to live in inadequate housing, experience forced cohabitation, or devote an excessive share of income to rent, configuring a continuous pattern of exclusion from the right to adequate housing.