Regulação do mercado de carbono no Brasil

Abstract

This paper intends to detail the legal regulation of the emerging Brazilian carbon market and the history behind how it came to be and which reasons led to the existence of a carbon market in the first place – the Stockholm Conference, Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and international treaties and global concerns about the effects of greenhouse gases and the research and development of mechanisms that can contribute towards building a bridge between economic practices and carbon offsetting. The carbon market is categorized in two different types – the compliance market and the voluntary carbon market (VCM). In the compliance market, the buyers and sellers of reduced emission certificates and carbon credits follow the Emission Trade System (ETS) also known as “cap-and-trade”, while the VCM, is a free trade system for individuals and companies for the purchase of carbon credits and offset certificates emitted by carbon offset or removal projects. The regulation of the Brazilian carbon market started in 2024 when the federal government implemented the SBCE (Brazilian System for Carbon Commerce, in Portuguese) with Law n. 15.402/2024. At the end of this undergraduate thesis solutions shall be proposed to properly implement the carbon market in Brazil.