Trabalho e ideologia : o discurso da autonomia e da liberdade no beneficiamento da castanha de caju

Abstract

This doctorate thesis stemmed from the hypothesis that the autonomy and non-work ideology in the processing of cashew nuts in the agricultural sphere in Sergipe masks the work exploitation. From the presupposition that the ideology is a fake idea that perpetuates itself to ensure the interests of the dominant class, the non-work discourse is used as a strategy of exploitation and subordination of the worker to the capital since it is in the negation of work that work is performed. The ideology of non-work is used as the most perverse way of dominating and exploiting the workers in the cashew nut processing. They do not see themselves as workers they are alienated by the false idea of autonomy and freedom. It is necessary that the worker accepts the imposed conditions, that they do not realize their condition of subordination and exploitation, and that they do not oppose to the system. The analyzing method of our thesis is sustained by the dialectical and historical, which enables a reading of the contradictions of the subjects who are inserted in the cashew nut productive chain, as well as the understanding of the social relations in their contradictions in the relationship capital-work which is established in the total of the social relationships of production and work. The confrontation between theory and reality was the foundation of the construction of the epistemological and theoretical knowledge that granted the understanding of the contradictions in the relationship between man and nature. Our analysis was based on the understanding of work as an ontological category of the human’s own historical condition. In this sense, it was identified that the work value is taken by the capital in the scalar interrelationships that are set in the processing of cashew nuts, which becomes a profitable economic activity for the capital, and is established in the agricultural sphere in Sergipe as a possibility of income and work, producing and reproducing contradictorily poverty and wealth. The signaling of loss of the centrality of work was analyzed from the metamorphoses of work to meet the demands of reproduction of the system of capital which creates and recreates new/old exploitative relationships of the workforce as informal job, cooperatives, collective family work, outsourcing and precariousness, in order to keep its reproductive cycle. The alienated work as a condition of work exploitation sustains itself by the fetishes that permeate the relationship capital-work, by the meanings of autonomy and freedom that are taken by the capital so as to hide the precarious conditions of workers of the processing of cashew nuts. The non-work discourse alienates, degrades, turns into precarious, enslaves the worker, and gradually more dehumanizes the social being. The worker lives a constant illusion of freedom, which blinds and alienates, as if he could choose, as if he chose the informality, when it was actually an imposed condition. The worker is not free to choose, they do not have a choice. There is a fake freedom which is imposed on them because it is necessary to be free to be more exploited.