Campo-cidade : unidade dialética na relação desigual da lógica do capital

Abstract

The present Doctoral Thesis assumes that the field-city relationship constitutes a contradictory dialectical unit for the guarantee of capital accumulation. Its apparent duality is based on the ideological discourse of the natural separation between field and city, strengthening the capitalist structure of spatial inequalities based on the idea of the superiority of the city over the countryside. To understand the dialectization of this relationship we analyze the forms presented by the mediations of labor, its social and territorial division, its mobility, in the different times of historical formation, specifically in the capitalist society in Brazil. The referent Thesis is based on the method of dialectical historical materialism. Reflective critical thinking allows us to analyze the movement of the circularity of capital versus labor in the forms in which capitalist relations of production take place. We seek to identify and analyze the changes that were produced throughout the historical process, observing the forms of appropriation of space (field and city); how the development projects implemented in Brazil guarantee the expansion of capital accumulation in these spaces, and establish the dynamics of the field-city relationship in recent years with the consolidation of financial capital with the neoliberal State. In this sense it was essential to reflect on the action of the State imposing new logic for its appropriation. The metamorphoses that occur in these spaces (field and city) demonstrate the ways in which capital reinvents itself and remain amidst the contradictions on which it is dependent in times of crisis. The analysis of the totality of these relations made it possible to verify that the articulation/juxtaposition of the necessary elements for the logic of capital to be realized is defined in the social division of labor; field and city are spaces produced to meet the needs of guaranteeing the accumulation of capital, showing that these are not distinct spaces because of the predominant activities, but produced unequally and combined in the dialectical unity of their contradictions. The observed transformations show that these spaces are produced to guarantee the realization of the total cycle of capital, and the way the social and territorial division of labor occurs is the determinant for the socio-metabolic functioning of capital.