Diagnóstico do ambiente de ordenha em propriedades rurais do Alto Sertão Sergipano

Abstract

Milk is a white fluid secreted from healthy, rested and well-fed cows. This fluid is composed mostly of water (87%) and the remainder divided into lactose (4.8%), fat (3.9%), proteins (3.4%) and minerals (0.8% ). This physical-chemical composition, despite playing an important role in human nutrition and for the food industry, can contribute to the multiplication of undesirable microorganisms. In addition to this factor, the contamination of milk can be influenced by the hygienic conditions of the milking environment and its equipment and / or tools used, including the hygienic habits of the milkers involved in this process. In this context, the present study aimed to diagnose the microbiological conditions of the milking environment of small milk properties in Alto Sertão Sergipano. First, a survey was made of the profile of producers in five cities in Alto Sertão Sergipano using a structured questionnaire. After the application of the questionnaire, samples of air, equipment surfaces, utensils and hands of the milkers were collected, after which microbiological analyzes were carried out to check the air quality, efficiency of the hygiene process and personal hygiene of the milkers. From the quantification of aerobic mesophiles and / or enterobacteria, it was possible to observe that all producers in the five cities obtained averages above the suggested limit of 30 CFU. cm2 . week, for the quantification of aerobic mesophiles in the air. As for the results for aerobic mesophiles and enterobacteria on the surfaces of collection buckets and cooling tanks, most were outside the suggested standard of 100 CFU.cm2 , whereas for milking rubber, the majority presented results within the suggested limit. For quantification of aerobic mesophiles in milkers, 55% of the samples were within the recommended limit of 1.2 x 104 CFU / hand. For the group of enterobacteria, 35% had values within the suggested limit of 7 x 102 CFU / hand. With the results obtained it was possible to diagnose a scenario in unsatisfactory hygienic-sanitary conditions, failures and / or absence of Good Milking Practices (GMP), lack of training and technical assistance. The problems encountered can be minimized with government initiatives and actions, with greater interaction between the university and small producers, and private companies, through training courses.