Pelo espaço do homem camponês : estratégias de reprodução social no sertão dos Estados de Sergipe e Alagoas

Abstract

In Brazil, the living in rural area is configured as a paradoxes related to the existence of peasant, territorial organization and problematic historical background. Is it possible to address the social and environmental problem by looking into the semiarid northeastern region as a function of spatial structures? Does federal state contribute to the social reproduction of the peasant? What strategies are developed by peasants to ensure their social reproduction? The structure of agrarian space is prominent for the actual democratic process to advance with organic guidelines and spatial development evolving human, states and municipalities. The main objective was to analyze the social reproduction process of the peasantry in the semiarid and social interface by State policies of Alagoas and Sergipe. Specifically aiming to identify the elements and factors supporting peasant existence, to compare their environmental and spatial strategies associated to social reproduction and to evaluate the structural influence of state policies: - PNRA; PRONAF; PAA;-Rural Welfare and Social Policy (Bolsa Família). By integrating the empirical and theoretical approaches method have integrated the social and questionnaires application. These were combined in four analyzes with specific results on the effect of public policy, social and economic data, the peasant living strategies and the territorial history. Spatial evaluations have contemplated thematic analyzes and complementary principal factors considering: subject, family, land, income, and their interface with public policy, while interconnecting social reproduction strategies. As a result, a methodological model was prescribed to integrate the (experiential and existential) modes of BEING and LIVING. Reproduction strategies are basis of four key elements: subject, society, time and place. The dialectical processes concerning the monopolization by capital and capital territorialization, have explained the material events behind the geographical history, evolving man society and nature. The space of man dimensions is revealed: clear differences between Sergipe and Alagoas states formation in which four factors strategies are interrelated. Sociability, profitability, flexibility and territoriality are specific strategy of the social reproduction of the peasant. These have permeated through democratic conditions, even through unbalances and contradicting capitalist system. From subjection to the agents of capital, the peasant marginality across social and policy compendium and vice versa, have established an uneven and contradictory manner of space by capital, and especially in the semiarid region. The countryside is particularized undergoing macroeconomic conditions affecting the organic space of peasant and the solidarity of human scale. The peasant strategy of territoriality and sociability in the Sergipe and Alagoas state have confirmed the link between – Human place and place while structural policies favored mainly agribusiness and capital due to the creation of a rural human reserve. The vulnerable condition of peasant is critical, demanding change of paradigm towards appreciation of man and family in the democratic society of laws and human rights.