A produção da habitação na região metropolitana de Aracaju: entre semelhanças e contradições

Abstract

The issue of social housing in Brazilian cities gained strength from the first half of the 20th century, with urban growth, and consequently the attempts to encourage the construction of housing for a new population contingent, through housing programs. However, the construction of housing projects by the State triggered processes of dispersed and peripheral urban expansion in the main Brazilian cities in recent decades, as in the housing programs of the National Housing Bank (BNH), Residential Leasing Program (PAR) and the most recent Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV). On the other hand, in the meantime, countless families, not included in these programs, seek residual spaces, such as environmental preservation areas, marking the intense housing fragility in slums and precarious settlements since the end of the 19th century. In the Metropolitan Region of Aracaju, made up of the municipalities of Aracaju, Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and São Cristóvão in the state of Sergipe, the metropolization process began in the 1970s with theimplementation of BNH complexes outside the capital, encouraging the settlement of precarious housing in its surroundings, in order to pressure the State of the need to also assist these families. Thus, the PMCMV repeats these location patterns, demanding an in-depth look at these similarities. In this way, this work aims to compare the production of formal housing, promoted by the PMCMV, and informal housing, from informal settlements in the Metropolitan Region of Aracaju. For that, bibliographic and documental surveys, tabulation and construction of maps were carried out, demonstrating these processes spatially. Thus, it was found that the PMCMV projects and the subnormal agglomerates are located close, in the peripheral portions of the municipalities, and in the neighborhoods of greater social and housing vulnerability. In addition, they are far from the main urban opportunities, revealing socio-spatial fragmentation and segregation in metropolitan municipalities.