Desafios e estratégias presentes na adesão medicamentosa em pacientes com esquizofrenia : uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Schizophrenia, according to the latest WHO surveys, affects 1% of the world's population, that is, 1 in every 100 individuals will manifest this pathology during their lifetime. In addition, it should be noted that it commonly appears insidiously, being equally prevalent among females and males, with the progressive development of the most relevant signs and symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, affective blunting and poor mental health. speech. In this sense, it should be noted that schizophrenia is known as one of the serious mental disorders that most compromise quality of life and social interaction, when left untreated, since it alters the individual's cognitive, behavioral and emotional functions. Therefore, it is understood that this disorder is a public health problem, considering that in addition to the challenges related to the disorder itself, there is still the patient's difficulty in adhering to drug treatment, which occurs due to multiple factors and which may predict the quality of life of these future patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the main reasons that lead to non-adherence to drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia, in addition to presenting strategies to combat the problem. Regarding the methodology, the present study presents itself as an Integrative Literature Review and the search took place in the MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, Google Scholar and Scielo databases, with works published between 2013 and 2023. The final sample for analysis was cultivated by 30 articles, in which it was possible to gather the necessary scientific knowledge to respond to the problem raised. Therefore, through data analysis, the literature shows that the causes of non-adherence to treatment in patients with schizophrenia are related to multiple factors and that the most effective strategies must take into account the individuality of each patient. In addition, it was evident in the research that the lack of information about drug therapy is one of the problems to be tackled. Therefore, the importance of the pharmaceutical role in the multidisciplinary context of treatment is evident, following the therapeutic regimen and the patient's clinical evolution.